Development Of Steer-By-Wire (SBW) Controller System For Steering Respone

This research focuses on the development of Steer-By-Wire (SBW) controller system for steering response. The steering system is an essential part of the interface between the driver and the vehicle that provides the possibility of lateral guidance. SBW system is means as removing the mechanical linkages and hydraulic part with electronic system. The development of vehicle model consists of ride, tire and handling models used in this study. The vehicle model is then validated with CarSimEd. The relation between the rack and pinion is identified for the steering ratio on SBW model. The steering system is modeled combine with actuator model in MATLAB Simulink. There are several types of controller are used on SBW system to find the similar response with the conventional steering. The selected controller will be applied on SBW system to control the actuator in simulation and experimental. The simulation result is validated with Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HiLS) in real time situation using xPC Target application in MATLAB Simulink to control SBW system in experiment. The target outcome of this study for SBW steering system is to get a responsiveness similarity to conventional steering system with selected controller by comparing both steering system. The study shows that such similarity was achieved. The study of SBW system response is beneficial in the SBW system with the proposed controller can be implemented on real vehicles

MODELING AND VALIDATION OF SIX-BAR RACK AND PINION STEERING LINKAGE SYSTEM

A vehicle handling behavior is much influenced by the performance of steering system and its mechanism. Steering linkage play a very important role in maneuvering of a vehicle. In this paper, a planar six-bar rack and pinion steering linkage is modeled in MATLAB SIMULINK to study the relationship between steering wheel angle and tire angle. A set of kinematic relations of steering system is used to analyze the kinematics of a planar linkage. The steering system consists of rack and pinion, tie rod end, tire and steering wheel column are modeled in MATLAB SIMULINK environment based on kinematic model equations is presented. The model is then validated using Hardware-in-the-loop simulations (HILS) consists of LVDT and rotary encoder sensors installed in actual steering system for data measurement at various steering angle. Results from simulation model has been developed demonstrates a linear pattern occurred from maximum lock-to-lock steering wheel angle and it’s closely follow the trend through HILS experiment

Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Of Steer-By-Wire System In Automotive Vehicle

Field test approach of steer-by-wire (SBW) technologies by using actual vehicle can be very dangerous. This is due to the fact that stability of the vehicle is very sensitive to the steering wheel input. Less optimum parameters of the steering controllers or system failure may lead to dangerous road accident. In this study, hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HiLS) is used to bridge the gap between simulation and experimentation of SBW system. In the proposed HiLS system, SBW test rig is set up to communicate in real time with 14 degree-of-freedom vehicle model. Proportional-integral-derivative control optimized with Ziegler-Nichols method is used to control the stepper motor of the SBW test rig. From simulation and experimental results, SBW system developed has the ability to closely follow the steering trajectory of the conventional steering system with acceptable errors. By using HiLS, both controller algorithm and the functionality of the steering actuator of SBW system can be tested in a semi-real driving condition as preliminary testing

Gelatin-based hemostatic agents for medical and dental application at a glance: A narrative literature review

Uncontrolled bleeding is linked to higher treatment costs, risk of post-surgical infection and increased disease and death. Hemostatic agents are used to treat excessive bleeding. A good hemostatic agent controls bleeding effectively, reduces the need for blood transfusion, removes the need for systemic drugs to control bleeding, results in shorter surgery time, and reduces the cost and length of hospital stay of the patient. Gelatin-based hemostatic agents have been widely used in medical and dental procedures, owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, as well as availability and low cost of raw materials. In this narrative literature review, we discuss the back- ground and different types of gelatin-based hemostatic agents in medical and dental procedures, the comparison of gelatin-based and non-gelatin-based hemostatic agents, and the usage and develop- ment of enhanced or novel gelatin-based hemostatic agents. Gelatin-based hemostatic agents are effective and important part of bleeding control, as evidenced by its wide application in medicin

Modelling,Simulation And Validation Of 9 DOF Vehicles Model For Automatic Steering System

Autonomous vehicle have recently arouse great interest and attention in the academic worldwide because of their great potential.As the new features for driver assistance and active safety systems are growing rapidly in vehicles,the simulation within a virtual environment has become a necessity.A vehicle model is required to represent the vehicle behaviour as close as real vehicle in simulation software.This paper presents 9 DOF vehicle models which consist of handling and Calspan tire model develop in MATLAB SIMULINK environment to study the vehicle behaviour for double lane change (DLC) and step steer input test.Those criteria will be compared with validated vehicle software namely CarsimEd to evaluated the performance of the vehicle model involving lateral acceleration,yaw angle and yaw rate from both output. Results show the 9 DOF vehicle closely follows the CarsimEd trends with acceptable error at both conditions

Position tracking of automatic rack and pinion steering linkage system through hardware in the loop testing

\u3cp\u3eVehicle handling behavior is much influenced by the performance of steering system and its mechanism. Steering linkage play a very important role in maneuvering of a vehicle. In this paper, a set of kinematic relations of rack and pinion steering linkage system are modeled in MATLAB Simulink environment based on kinematic model equations is presented to study the relationship between steering wheel and tire angle. A Hardware-in-the-loop Simulations (HILS) test rig with actual rack and pinion mechanism has been set up using real time software environment from MathWorks namely xPC Target, LVDT and encoder sensors installed for data measurement at various steering angle. Results from simulation model demonstrate a linear pattern occurred from maximum lock-to-lock steering wheel angle and it is closely follow the sine input trend through HILS experiment with acceptable error.\u3c/p\u3

Position Tracking of Automatic Rack and Pinion Steering Linkage System through Hardware in The Loop Testing

Vehicle handling behavior is much influenced by the performance of steering system and its mechanism. Steering linkage play a very important role in maneuvering of a vehicle. In this paper, a set of kinematic relations of rack and pinion steering linkage system are modeled in MATLAB Simulink environment based on kinematic model equations is presented to study the relationship between steering wheel and tire angle. A Hardware-in-the-loop Simulations (HILS) test rig with actual rack and pinion mechanism has been set up using real time software environment from MathWorks namely xPC Target, LVDT and encoder sensors installed for data measurement at various at steering angle. Results from simulation model demonstrate a linear pattern occurred from maximum lock-to-lock steering wheel angle and it is closely follow the sine input trend through HILS experiment with acceptable error